14.5.1. INVENTORIES
SELECTEDACCOUNTING PRINCIPLES
Inventories
Inventories, including mandatory reserves comprise products, semi-finished products and work in progress, merchandise and materials.
Finished goods, semi-finished products and work in progress are measured initially at production cost. Production costs include costs of materials and costs of conversion for the production period of finished goods, semi-finished products as well as work in progress and systematic allocation of fixed and variable production overheads estimated for its normal level.
Finished goods, semi-finished products and work in progress shall be measured at the end of the reporting period at the lower of cost or net realizable value.
Cost flows of finished goods, semi-finished products and work in progress are determined based on the weighted average cost of production, except:
- coal inventories, the outflow of which is recognised as the "first in first out" (FIFO) method;
- raw materials purchased for orders - outflows according to the detailed price identification method;
- raw materials, that due to technical parameters, are released from the warehouse in the order of their receipt (e.g. power materials) - outflow according to the FIFO method.
The initial value of inventories is adjusted for their profits or losses from settlement of cash flow hedging instruments.
Impairment tests for specific items of inventories are carried out at the end of each month. Write-down to net realizable value concerns inventories that are damaged or obsolete and the selling price have fallen. Raw materials held for use in the production are not written down below acquisition or production cost if the products in which they will be incorporated are expected to be sold at or above cost.
However, when a decline in the price of materials indicates that the cost of the products exceeds net realizable value, the materials are written down to net realizable value.
Recognition and reversal of impairment allowances of inventories is recognised in cost of sales.
ESTIMATES
Net realizable values from sale of inventories
The Group determines the inventory impairment allowances based on estimation of the net realizable values considering the most recent sales prices at the moment of estimations.
|
|
31/12/2020 |
31/12/2019 |
|
Raw materials |
7,166 |
8,673 |
|
Semi - finished goods and work in progress |
1,148 |
1,245 |
|
Finished goods |
3,273 |
4,474 |
|
Merchandise |
692 |
682 |
|
Inventories, net |
12,279 |
15,074 |
|
Impairment allowances of inventories to net realisable value |
153 |
235 |
|
Inventories, gross |
12,432 |
15,309 |
The main item of inventories, which turnover period is longer than 12 months after the end of the reporting period are mandatory reserves. As at 31 December 2020 and as at 31 December 2019 the value of mandatory reserves presented in consolidated financial statements amounted to PLN 4,703 million and PLN 6,133 million, respectively.
Change in impairment allowances of inventories to net realizable value
|
|
2020 |
2019 |
|
At the beginning of the period |
235 |
301 |
|
Increase |
2,490 |
284 |
|
Decrease |
(2,599) |
(351) |
|
Foreign exchange differences |
27 |
1 |
|
|
153 |
235 |
In 2020, the item decrease includes first of all usage in the 2nd quarter of 2020 of impairment allowances on inventories to net realisable value recognised mainly in the 1st quarter of 2020 (as an increase) due to a decrease in crude oil and petroleum products’ prices.
